Dosage & Administration
NP Thyroid® dosing should be individualized based on the patient’s clinical response and laboratory findings, with consideration given to factors such as age, cardiovascular status, and the condition being treated. NP Thyroid® is administered orally. Intramuscular injection is not recommended because of poor tissue absorption, and no intravenous formulation of NP Thyroid® exists.
Dosing Recommendations and Considerations
Dosing considerations should be made for the following conditions:
Therapy is usually instituted using low doses, with increments which depend on the cardiovascular status of the patient.
- Usual starting dose: 30 mg (½ grain; 19 mcg T4 & 4.5 mcg T3)
- Dose increments: Increase by 15 mg (¼ grain; 9.5 mcg T4 & 2.25 mcg T3) every 2–3 weeks
- Typical maintenance dose: 60–120 mg/day
A lower starting dosage, 15 mg/day, is recommended in patients with long standing myxedema, particularly if cardiovascular impairment is suspected, in which case extreme caution is recommended. The appearance of angina is an indication for a reduction in dosage.
Most patients require 60 mg (1 grain; 38 mcg T4 & 9 mcg T3) to 120 mg (2 grains; 76 mcg T4 & 18 mcg T3) per day. Failure to respond to doses of 180 mg (3 grains; 114 mcg T4 & 27 mcg T3) suggests lack of compliance or malabsorption.
Maintenance dosages 60 to 120 mg/day usually result in normal serum levothyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels. Adequate therapy usually results in normal TSH and T4 levels after 2 to 3 weeks of therapy.
Myxedema coma is usually precipitated in the hypothyroid patient of long-standing by intercurrent illness or drugs such as sedatives and anesthetics and should be considered a medical emergency. Therapy should be directed at the correction of electrolyte disturbances and possible infection besides the administration of thyroid hormones. Corticosteroids should be administered routinely. T4 and T3 may be administered via a nasogastric tube but the preferred route of administration of both hormones is intravenous. Levothyroxine sodium (T4) is given at starting dose of 400 mcg (100 mcg/mL) given rapidly, and is usually well tolerated, even in the elderly. This initial dose is followed by daily supplements of 100 to 200 mcg given intravenously. Normal T4 levels are achieved in 24 hours followed in 3 days by threefold elevation of T3. Oral therapy with thyroid hormone would be resumed as soon as the clinical situation has been stabilized and the patient is able to take oral medication.1
Exogenous thyroid hormone may produce regression of metastases from follicular and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid and is used as ancillary therapy of these conditions with radioactive iodine. TSH should be suppressed to low or undetectable levels. Therefore, larger amounts of thyroid hormone than those used for replacement therapy are required. Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is usually unresponsive to this therapy.1
Administration of thyroid hormone in doses higher than those produced physiologically by the gland results in suppression of the production of endogenous hormone. This is the basis for the thyroid suppression test and is used as an aid in the diagnosis of patients with signs of mild hyperthyroidism in whom base line laboratory tests appear normal, or to demonstrate thyroid gland autonomy in patients with Grave’s ophthalmopathy. 131I uptake is determined before and after the administration of the exogenous hormone. A 50% or greater suppression of uptake indicates a normal thyroid-pituitary axis and thus rules out thyroid gland autonomy.
For adults, the usual suppressive dose of levothyroxine (T4) is 1.56 mcg/kg of body weight per day given for 7 to 10 days. These doses usually yield normal serum T4 and T3 levels and lack of response to TSH.
Thyroid hormones should be administered cautiously to patients in whom there is strong suspicion of thyroid gland autonomy, in view of the fact that the exogenous hormone effects will be additive to the endogenous source.1
Pediatric dosage should follow the recommendations summarized in the table below. In infants with congenital hypothyroidism, therapy with full doses should be instituted as soon as the diagnosis has been made.1
| Recommended Pediatric Dosage of NP Thyroid® Tablets for Congenital Hypothyroidism1 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Dose per day | Daily dose per kg of body weight | ||||||
| 0-6 months |
|
4.8 – 6 mg | ||||||
| 6-12 months |
|
3.8 – 4.8 mg | ||||||
| 1-5 years |
|
3 – 3.6 mg | ||||||
| 6-12 years |
|
2.4 – 3 mg | ||||||
| Over 12 years | Over 90 mg | 1.2 – 1.8 mg | ||||||
Desiccated Thyroid Extract - T4/T31
Each NP Thyroid® tablet contains T4 and T3 in an approximate 4:1 ratio, as shown in the dosing chart below. For approximate NP Thyroid® and L-T4 dose equivalencies, use this conversion chart.
| Dose | T4 | T3 |
|---|---|---|
| 15 mg (1/4 grain) | 9.5 mcg | 2.25 mcg |
| 30 mg (1/2 grain) | 19 mcg | 4.5 mcg |
| 45 mg (15 mg + 30 mg) (3/4 grain) | 28.5 mcg | 6.75 mcg |
| 60 mg (1 grain) | 38 mcg | 9 mcg |
| 75 mg (15 mg + 60 mg) (1 1/4 grain) | 47.5 mcg | 11.25 mcg |
| 90 mg (1 1/2 grain) | 57 mcg | 13.5 mcg |
| 105 mg (15 mg + 90 mg) (1 3/4 grain) | 66.5 mcg | 15.75 mcg |
| 120 mg (2 grain) | 76 mcg | 18 mcg |
| 135 mg (120 mg + 15 mg) (2 1/4 grain) | 85.5 mcg | 20.25 mcg |
| 150 mg (120 mg + 30 mg) (2 1/2 grain) | 95 mcg | 22.5 mcg |
| 180 mg (120 mg + 60 mg) (3 grain) | 114 mcg | 27 mcg |
Note that DTE products, including NP Thyroid®, have not been reviewed by the FDA for safety or efficacy.
IMPORTANT RISK INFORMATION, INCLUDING BOXED WARNING & INDICATIONS
Important Risk Information
Drugs with thyroid hormone activity, alone or together with other therapeutic agents, have been used for the treatment of obesity. In euthyroid patients, doses within the range of daily hormonal requirements are ineffective for weight reduction. Larger doses may produce serious or even life-threatening manifestations of toxicity, particularly when given in association with sympathomimetic amines such as those used for their anorectic effects.
- NP Thyroid® is contraindicated in patients with uncorrected adrenal insufficiency, untreated thyrotoxicosis, and hypersensitivity to any component of the product.
- In the elderly and in patients with cardiovascular disease, NP Thyroid® should be used with greater caution than younger patients or those without cardiovascular disease.
- Use of NP Thyroid® in patients with diabetes mellitus or adrenal cortical insufficiency may worsen the intensity of their symptoms.
- The therapy of myxedema coma requires simultaneous administration of glucocorticoids.
- Concomitant use of NP Thyroid® with oral anticoagulants alters the sensitivity of oral anticoagulants. Prothrombin time should be closely monitored in thyroid-treated patients on oral anticoagulants.
- In infants, excessive doses of NP Thyroid® may produce craniosynostosis.
- Partial loss of hair may be experienced by children in the first few months of therapy but is usually transient.
- Adverse reactions associated with NP Thyroid® therapy are primarily those of hyperthyroidism due to therapeutic overdosage.
- Many drugs and some laboratory tests may alter the therapeutic response to NP Thyroid®. In addition, thyroid hormones and thyroid status have varied effects on the pharmacokinetics and actions of other drugs. Administer at least 4 hours before or after drugs that are known to interfere with absorption. Evaluate the need for dose adjustments when regularly administering within one hour of certain foods that may affect absorption.
- NP Thyroid® should not be discontinued during pregnancy, and hypothyroidism diagnosed during pregnancy should be promptly treated.
Indications
NP Thyroid® (thyroid tablets, USP) is a prescription medicine that is used to treat a condition called hypothyroidism from any cause, except for cases of temporary hypothyroidism, which is usually associated with an inflammation of the thyroid (thyroiditis). It is meant to replace or supplement a hormone that is usually made by your thyroid gland.
NP Thyroid® is also used in the treatment and prevention of normal functioning thyroid
goiters, such as thyroid nodules, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, multinodular goiter, and in the
management of thyroid cancer.
Revised 10/2023